Réglementation et Surveillance
Un référentiel d’informations aux niveaux national, régional et international
Charte des secteurs nationaux de sécurité privée: réglementation et surveillance
Due to new security challenges, the demand has risen for private security companies (PSCs) to supplement the activities of the public police and military forces. There are more than 60 PSCs currently operating in the country, but the number of PSC personnel is unknown. PSCs in Burkina Faso are regulated by Decree No. 2009-343 among several other pieces of legislation.
Le secteur de la sécurité privée a joué un rôle important dans la lutte contre l'insécurité et la création de milliers d'emplois au Cameroun. Cependant, le développement de sociétés de sécurité privées qui échappent au contrôle de la gouvernance démocratique constitue un défi majeur pour les droits de l'homme. Le cadre législatif et réglementaire des activités de sécurité privée au Cameroun est assez étendu. Malgré ce cadre juridique, plus d'une centaine d'entreprises sont toujours en activité et seules neuf d'entre elles sont approuvées par le président. Par conséquent, le secteur est critiqué pour son cadre juridique et réglementaire et pour sa mise en œuvre.
Very little information is available on the private security industry in Chad, despite various security threats placing a high demand on public security forces and creating a potentially large market for private security. Decree No. 637 of 1996 regulates private security companies in Chad and prohibits their personnel from carrying arms.
Since the 1990's and the liberalisation of the mining sector in regions of the country, private security has experienced dramatic growth. The industrial mining sector has become an important market for the security industry, however reports reveal that this is a source of tension in some communities. There are more than 294 private security companies (PSCs) operating in the DRC and they are regulated by the Ministry of Inteior and Ministerial Order No. 25 of 27 June 2014.
Ethiopia been recognized as the stabilizing factor in the horn of Africa; nevertheless, since 2017, the country is facing security and political crisis. The security threats toward the life and property of the people has increased due to ethnic and political conflicts. Governmental efforts and public security forces have not been sufficient to adequately address the situation.
There is very little information available on the private security industry in Gabon, however it was reported in 2015 that there were an estimated 7,000 PSC personnel employed in the country compared to the Gabonese military consisting of 5,000 personnel. The size of the sector is most likely a result of high crime rates in largers cities, particularly Libreville.
Despite Ghana's stability and healthy economy, it faces several challenges regarding its private security industry, including the existence of more than 1,900 unregistered private security companies (PSCs). The 400 registered PSCs and the 450,000 PSC employees are regulated by the Police Service (Private Security Organisations) Regulations of 1992.
Violent crime, ethnic tensions, and frequent protests have led to an expansion of the private security sector in Guinea. Currently 417 private security companies (PSCs) exist in Guinea and are regulated primarily by Decree No. D/108/PRG of 13 Julz 1998. PSCs fall under the authority of the Ministry of Security and Civil Protection.
Depuis 2002, le secteur de la sécurité privée en Côte d’Ivoire joue un rôle important dans la sécurité du pays. Les dernières informations disponibles, datant de 2012, indiquent que 400 sociétés de sécurité privées opèrent dans le pays, représentant environ 70’500 employés.
La sécurité privée est devenue un acteur important du secteur de la sécurité au Kenya. Comptant environ 1,000 entités opérationnelles, offrant une gamme de services diversifiée, employant plus de 500,000 personnes et réalisant un chiffre d’affaires annuel estimé à plus de 300 milliards de shillings, il s’agit de l’une des plus grandes industries du pays.
Liberia has a unique history in the private security sector due to the involvment of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in the creation of the Liberian Armed Forces following the Liberian Civil War in 2003 and the role Liberia has played in private maritime security regulations. The latest studies on private security companies (PSCs) in Liberia state that 127 PSCs and 7,000 PSC personnel are currently operating in the country.
Private Security Companies play an important role in Mali’s economy, providing many jobs and contributing tax revenues. PSCs have an increasingly divers client base, including many government agencies, private companies, banks, diplomatic missions, as well as individuals. There were 263 licensed companies at the end of December 2015.
Limited studies have been conducted on the private security industry in Niger despite prevalent security challenges in the country such as Boko Haram and other jihadists, ethnic rebellions, and military coups. However, it is clear that one area in which private security companies (PSCs) in Niger play a role is the extractive sector.
Private security operations in Nigeria have grown exponentially over the past few decades, just as the nation has experienced the proliferation of internal security challenges at the national and subnational levels across the country. On February 2019, there were about 1110 licensed private guard companies operating in Nigeria, and about 740 unregistered private guard companies under processing and yet to start operations.
L’État du Sénégal, bien que consolidé en tant que modèle démocratique dans la région, a connu un déclin de son cadre politique et institutionnel qui a conduit à un secteur de la sécurité fragmenté, dans lequel les entreprises de sécurité privées jouent un rôle majeur dans le renforcement de la sécurité publique. Il existe peu de données sur la taille du secteur. Une étude indique qu’en 2010, 240 sociétés de sécurité opéraient dans le pays et employaient plus de 15 000 personnes. Malheureusement, il n’existe aucune donnée sur le nombre de PSC titulaires d’une licence ni sur le nombre d’employés de la PSC.
Les entreprises militaires et de sécurité privées jouent un rôle important dans le secteur de la sécurité en Sierra Leone. En 2009, le Bureau de la sécurité nationale de la Sierra Leone a déclaré qu'il y avait environ 30 EMSP agréées opérant en Sierra Leone. Le nombre d'employés a été estimé à environ 3 000 personnes, tandis que d'autres calculs suggèrent qu'il pourrait atteindre 4 000 à 5 000.
Le secteur de la sécurité représente l’une des branches commerciales les plus dynamiques en Afrique du Sud. Le nombre total d’employés de sécurité privée actifs inscrits auprès de l’Autorité a passé de 498’435 en 2016/17 à 516’287 en 2017/18.
The private security industry is a fast-growing sector in Tanzania. Currently over 500 private security companies (PSCs) and approximately 1,000,000 PSC personnel are operating in the country, albeit with minimal state regulation. As a result, poor working conditions for PSC personnel and personnel impunity for misconduct and human rights violations are two of the various challenges facing the private security sector in Tanzania.
Minimal information is availabe on the private security industry in Togo, however sources have indicated that the industry faces challenges such as poor working conditions, a lack of professionalism, and an insufficient regulatory framework, if any exists.